Sunday, June 8, 2014

The true birth of life

As you all know, everything comes to an end. Every living thing must die and every non living thing does decay, so its right to day everything existing has a time frame. We know the usual like you throw away an apple and after some time it'll decay to nothing, plastic is also naturally degradable but under normal circumstances it'll take more than 1000yrs to decompose a small amount . Even the stars, earth, our galaxy and even our universe has a time frame. Science has discovered what happens these things at the end of their time frame and it is beautiful !
In layman's language i hope to convey a message about the beginning of life
Most of you have heard about the famous " big band theory " , not the tv show, the theory which says that the everything in our universe, all planets, stars, nebulas, black holes, every single thing floating in the dark void above us was once ( 13.8 billion years ago ) packed tightly together in something which is much much smaller than a hydrogen atom ( 0.0000000000592 meters ). That singularity with our whole universe inside it then exploded and with that big bang, our universe came to being. Don’t imagine a huge explosion out of which the planets and stars came out wholly  but imagine a normal bomb going off, spreading outwards with gasses  in all 3 dimensions. The leftover of this unimaginable explosion was ginormous amounts of gas clouds ( these were composed of hydrogen and explaining why just hydrogen gas clouds would require a more scientific approach which you are surely not interested in ), which travelled at astounding speeds and finally settled a few 100,000yrs later. This realm is the baby universe, there are no stars no planets just huge gas clouds called nebulae.
Believe it or not these gas clouds are factories manufacturing stars through the forces of gravitation. In these huge clouds, lets say a lump of hydrogen atoms coalesce together due to their random motion. Now this lump has a higher gravitational pull than other atoms and hence pull them towards it. The end result is like a snowball rolling down a hill, the more weight it gets the more faster it rolls but in this case the more molecules it attracted the more stronger its gravity got and so it attracted even more atoms. This keeps on happening till a point is reached when so much amount of hydrogen stuck together by gravity reaches a temperature so high that nuclear fusion takes place. Just to be clear, fusion is when 2 hydrogen atoms combine together to give a product of a single helium atom along with enormous amount of energy. That released energy then goes on to help other hydrogen atoms to make more helium and more enormous amounts of energy. That my friends in simple terms is how all stars work, including our beloved sun.
A nebula giving the birth to a star

A star now born and in a self sustaining cycle of making helium, just like at the birth of any life form, embarks on a long journey through time before reaching its inevitable end. Its end is what make us possible. Any star, no matter how big ( there are stars 100 times bigger than our sun ) has a limited amount of hydrogen to convert to helium and when every single atom is converted the star would then start to die. Now if you research you will find that a star actually has more than one way to show its death but I shall talk about the one which leads to life.
Now when the last 2 atoms in a star surrounded by helium atoms fuse together and let out enormous amounts of energy, sometimes this energy is high enough to cause the fusion of 2 helium atoms into a bigger ( heavier ) element, carbon, along with even more enormous amount of energy which helps sustain this new helium stars life cycle. If this were to happen to our sun, life would cease to exist because  stars actually swells up in this process and in our case we  can imagine that the sun would swell to such a point that it would consume mercury and release so much heat all water and life on earth would evaporate within a matter of minutes. Thankfully, our sun still has 6 million years of fuel before doing that.
The fusion process keeps on happening again and again forming new elements and releasing more energy. But a point comes when it has to makes the star makes "iron", the first metal a any star would ever make. Now iron causes a problem for the star i.e the energy released for making one iron atom isnt enough to make 2 iron atoms fuse to make further bigger elements. The star now stops the whole cycle of fusion. The only light and heat it releases leftover of the iron formation. The star's dominant energy is now it's gravitational pull, one of the strongest forces known to man, so strong that it eventually kills the star. We know that due to gravity we all are attracted to the earth, its pretty basic knowledge, but do you know how much the earth pulls on itself ? Yes, itself ! Well not that much as compared to stars. The stars have huge gravitational pulls so huge that it keeps the earth and other 7 planets in tight orbit. A dying star composing mainly of iron has an unimaginable gravitational pull. So high that it pulls it surface down to its core, yes, it actually curbs into itself decreasing in size and increasing in density. It'll reach  a point when a star much larger than  our sun becomes the size of the moon, about 1/3rd the size of earth. Temperature inside this small dense thing cannot be expressed in words, it’s a huge bomb actually. Imagine you have a huge spring, you compress it from both ends and start creating tension in the spring. Keep compressing it till you can't do it any further and hold it. Keep holding it. Eventually you'll get tired and won't have the energy to hold the spring and when you let go it expands in a zap. Just like the spring, the small, compressed dying star would expand if it's surface cant hold the tension inside it. When the surface cant hold on anymore the star explodes ! This explosion, possibly the second in line after the big bang in terms of making a bang, lets out all the elements in the star along with massive light and heat. This heat, being generated in a millisecond,  is 1000 time larger than the heat our sun would give in its 12 million yr life.  This heat is high enough to cause the fusion of any element known.
This explosion is what scientist call a supernova. Inside this supernova, iron fuses to form even heavier elements and literally all the elements known to man. All the aluminum ,copper, gold, platinum, plutonium , all important elements that make life possible, everything which is denser than iron was created inside a supernova as it marked the final demise of a star. Now we are just left with basic elements drifting through the vast black space. Exactly how a nebula forms a star these elements would stick together slowly and slowly to form a planet. Unlike stars made of just hydrogen these planets will have every element and the core being the most dense place of the planet.
A supernova !!!

From here on forming life is just a small probability. A planet has to drift to a solar system where it'll be given an orbit. It'll have energy radiating in its atmosphere due to the star it's orbiting around. It should have plenty of water as for life, water is essential. It would have all the elements you and I have inside our body but not in order. Until one day, due to the amazing randomness we experience everyday, an organic compound is formed. That my friends is the first sign of life on any planet. It would be long painstaking process of evolution before the organic compound looks anything like a life form but it happens.
I conclude this hoping to have shared some insight as to how we came to be. These facts have been long known and have been developed a lot as to know why the big bang initially happened. That would be taking god's place in the world. Every atom inside your body, every atom in the food to eat, every atom you breath came from the death of a star. A simple answer to life is that we all are just stars expressing ourselves as humans for a while and then we would return to the nature where we came from.

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